Особливості інтервю як методу збору інформації

ЗМІСТ
ВСТУП…………………………………………………………………3
РОЗДІЛ 1. ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ІНТЕРВ’Ю, ЯК МЕТОДУ ЗБОРУ ІНФОРМАЦІЇ…………………………………………………………6
1.1. ЗАГАЛЬНА ПІДГОТОВКА ДО ІНТЕРВ’Ю………………..11
1.2. КОНКРЕТНА ПІДГОТОВКА ДО ІНТЕРВ’Ю………………13
1.3. МИСТЕЦТВО РОЗРОБКИ СПИСКУ ЗАПИТАНЬ, ЯК НЕВІД’ЄМНА СКЛАДОВА ПСИХОЛОГІЧНОЇ ПІДГОТОВКИ ДО ІНТЕРВ’Ю……………………………………………………….17
РОЗДІЛ 2. ПРАЦЯ ЖУРНАЛІСТА – ВІЧНЕ ІНТЕРВ’Ю……..24
2.1. ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ПІДГОТОВКИ ДО ІНТЕРВ’Ю НА РАДІО І ТЕЛЕБАЧЕННІ…………………………………………..27
2.2. ТЕОРІ І ПРАКТИКА: ПРОБЛЕМИ ВЗАЄМОДІЇ…………30
ВИСНОВКИ…………………………………………………………..34
СПИКОК ВИКОРИСТАНИХ ДЖЕРЕЛ…………………………36

INTRODUCTION
The most common way of information collection is interview. Some scientists think that this method gives approximately 80% of necessary journalist information. Understanding relativity of this percentage one will recognize that considering efficiency of the mass media conversation with people, who are the participants of current affairs, is the most determining source of information. It is because due to interview a journalist receives “the lion’s share of information”.1
One does not speak about interview as a genre but as about method of information collection to present it in any genre of journalism as well as collection of information in sociology, psychology and other sciences. It must be mentioned that in journalism interview is mostly a conversation between two or more people in the course of which both subject (interviewer) and object (interviewee) may mutually exchange thoughts under the condition of higher activity of the interviewer. Interview in sociology, social psychology is characterized by stable distribution of roles: interviewer asks and interviewee only answers. In science it is completely depersonalized, weighted average and free from individuality. In journalism particular meaning bears not only the content of conversation, but individuality of interlocutor, his uniqueness, especially then when the author is going to write an essay, sketch, political portrait and even an article. Regardless this the process of conversation, even though it lasts comparatively short, might be conditionally divided into separated elements covering preparation to conversation, conversation itself, decoding and comprehension of information. However, we shall consider the primary, also very important stage of preparation to an interview. Unfortunately, this stage is often neglected by journalists-trainees. In order to learn, generalize and in future give recommendations concerning efficiency of preparation to an interview and its influence on quality of a material.
So, the topicality of the course paper is determined by insufficient attention to studying and practical application of stages of preparation to an interview.
Hence we determine the aim of the paper: to give characteristics of the main stages of work on interview.
To achieve the aim one is to fulfill the following tasks:
1. To characterize stages of preparation to an interview.
2. To describe peculiarities of preparation to an interview on TV and radio.
3. To determine how preparation influences on quality of journalist material.
4. To find out how in practice theoretical recommendations concerning preparation to an interview are used.
The subject of the research is studying of particular questions determined as tasks of the paper.
The object of the research is analysis of stages of preparation to an interview.
In the paper we are not going to describe notions in details like “Interview is…” as this is not one of the tasks of our paper. As it was mentioned above our research is focused on “Preparation” which directly influences the quality of holding and success of creating (writing) journalist material. We are also going to concentrate our attention not only on theoretical definitions, we will try to generalize and systematize them. We are going to make examples to illustrate how general, specific and psychological preparation influence the quality of holding an interview. Important problem which we are going to study in the paper is usage of theoretical recommendations concerning preparation to an interview in practical activity of journalists.
Scientific novelty of the research consists in statement and development of a problem which has not had fundamental and objective analysis. Practical value of the results received consists in the fact that the factual material, main statements and conclusions of the paper may be used while training journalists to interviews.
The course paper consists of introduction, two chapters, conclusions and list of literature used. In the first chapter, which is mainly theoretical, theoretical and methodological peculiarities of stages of preparation to an interview and their main characteristics are determined basing on the works of journalism researchers such as V. Zdorovega, I.Lubkovych, A.Tertychnyi and others. In the second chapter we determine whether the authors of publications keep to “journalism rules” while preparing to an interview.